Estresse em idosos no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 e seus fatores associados / Stress in the elderly in the context of the covid-19 pandemic and its associated factors / Estrés en las personas mayores en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19 y sus factores asociados

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar o estresse nos idosos que vivem na cidade de Lima e sua associação com fatores demográficos, infodemias, a presença de sintomas físicos e psicológicos e o uso de substâncias ilícitas no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico através da pesquisa baseada na web com 384 idosos da cidade de Lima - Peru, entre abril e agosto de 2021. Os instrumentos de perfil demográfico, Escala de Estresse Percebido e sintomas autorrelatados foram utilizados para o estudo. A regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 62% eram mulheres, e a idade variou entre 60 e 95 anos, com uma média de 70,5 anos. A média de estresse foi de 26,8 pontos. O estresse estava associado ao medo da morte de parentes e à preocupação com os idosos. Conclusões: é importante para profissionais de saúde treinados para identificar mudanças de humor nos idosos e criar planos de cuidados individualizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify stress in the elderly living in the city of Lima and its association with demographic factors, infodemics, the presence of physical and psychological symptoms, and the use of illicit substances in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Quantitative, transversal, and analytical study through the web-based survey with 384 elderly from the city of Lima - Peru between April and August 2021. The instruments of demographic profile, Perceived Stress Scale, and self-reported symptoms were used for the study. The Multiple logistic regression was used, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: 62% were women, and the age ranged between 60 and 95 years with a mean of 70.5. The stress average was 26.8 points. Stress was associated with fear of relatives dying and concern for the elderly. Conclusions: it is important for health professionals trained to identify changes in mood in the elderly and to create individualized care plans.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el estrés en ancianos residentes en la ciudad de Lima y su asociación con factores demográficos, infodemias, presencia de síntomas físicos y psicológicos y consumo de sustancias ilícitas en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico mediante encuesta vía web a 384 adultos mayores de la ciudad de Lima - Peru, entre abril y agosto del 2021. Para el estudio se utilizaron los instrumentos de perfil demográfico, Escala de Estrés Percibido y síntomas auto reportados. Se utilizó regresión logística múltiple, considerando el nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: el 62% eran mujeres, y la edad oscilaba entre 60 y 95 años, con una media de 70,5 años. La puntuación media de estrés fue de 26,8 puntos. El estrés se asoció con el miedo a la muerte de familiares y la preocupación por los ancianos. Conclusiones: es importante que los profesionales sanitarios formados identifiquen los cambios de humor en los ancianos y creen planes de atención individualizados.

Percepción del enfermero peruano en el cuidado del paciente con covid-19 / Percepção da enfermeira peruana no cuidado de pacientes com covid-19 / Perception of the peruvian nurse in the care of the patient with covid-19

Objetivo: analizar la percepción del enfermero sobre la atención del paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 en tres hospitales peruanos. Método: estudio descriptivo de análisis cualitativo con 47 enfermeras entrevistadas entre febrero a junio de 2021. Se utilizó la técnica del Análisis de Contenido Temático con uso del software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: fueron identificadas cinco clases temáticas: 1- Miedo de contagiar a los familiares con el virus de la COVID-19; 2- Frustración e impotencia de los profesionales de enfermería; 3- El papel de la enfermería: pasado, presente y futuro en el cuidado del paciente; 4- Capacitación para el establecimiento de nuevos protocolos y uso de Equipos de Protección Personal; 5- Doloroso proceso de adaptación para los profesionales de la salud. Consideraciones finales: el enfermero percibió que durante la pandemia su trabajo fue sufrido con carencias de recursos humanos, materiales y dilemas éticos.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção do enfermeiro sobre o atendimento do paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 em três hospitais peruanos. Método: estudo descritivo de análise qualitativa com 47 enfermeiras entrevistadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2021. Utilizou-se a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo Temático com uso do software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: foram identificadas cinco classes temáticas: 1- Medo de contagiar os familiares com o vírus da COVID-19; 2- Frustração e impotência dos profissionais de enfermagem; 3- O papel da enfermagem: passado, presente e futuro no cuidado do paciente; 4- Capacitação para o estabelecimento de novos protocolos e uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Pessoal; 5- Doloroso processo de adaptação para os profissionais de saúde. Considerações finais: o enfermeiro percebeu que durante a pandemia seu trabalho foi sofrido com carências de recursos humanos, materiais e dilemas éticos.

Objective to analyze the perception of the nurse on the care of the patient hospitalized by COVID-19 in three Peruvian hospitals. Method: Descriptive qualitative analysis study with 47 nurses interviewed between February and June 2021. The Thematic Content Analysis technique was used using the R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Results: five thematic classes were identified: 1- Fear of infecting relatives with the COVID-19 virus; 2- Frustration and impotence of nursing professionals; 3- The role of nursing: past, present and future in patient care; 4- Training for the establishment of new protocols and use of Personal Protection Equipment; 5- Painful adaptation process for health professionals. Final considerations: the nurse perceived that during the pandemic his work was suffered with shortages of human resources, materials and ethical dilemmas.

The Mental Health of the Peruvian Older Adult during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the pandemic, the elderly population was the most exposed to disease and changes in their daily lives. The objective was to determine the association between demographic factors, access to health services, sources of information, and physical symptoms in the mental health of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic-a study with 3828 older adults residing in nine cities in Peru. The data was collected using a web-based survey, and the instruments of demographic data; exposure to information (radio, television, and internet); and presence of physical symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress were used. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. Female sex, those aged between 60 and 79 years old, those with secondary education, those in their own home, those residing in an urban area, and those using public services of health predominated in this study. Likewise, 62.9% presented depressive symptoms; on the stress scale, an average of 27.81 (SD = 8.71), and on the anxiety scale, an average of 27.24 (SD = 6.04). Moreover, 65.1% reported fatigue, 62.2% had a headache, and 61.2% lack of energy. There is an association between demographic variables and the physical and psychological symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the elderly during the pandemic.

The Mental Health of Older Adults in the Densely Populated Areas of Tacna Region-Peru, 2021: Implications of the COVID-19 Information.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the implications of exposure to various news channels that broadcast information on COVID-19 and their impact on the mental health of older adults in the sparsely populated area of the Tacna Region during the year 2021. The present study used a descriptive correlational type of quantitative approach on a sample of 389 older adults aged 60 years and over, who were recruited by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. For the application of the survey technique, the instrument used was a questionnaire modified by the authors. In terms of research ethics for the development of the study, the respondents provided informed consent, and other ethical considerations were addressed. In relation to sociodemographic variables of mental health, it was found that women had a greater incidence of anxiety (p < 0.01) and that people with fewer years of study had a greater incidence of depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety in sparsely populated areas. Exposure to news through television was associated with depression, and news obtained from other people was associated with depression (p < 0.001). An association was also found between the number of hours of television news and stress (p < 0.05), and radio news was associated with anxiety (p < 0.05). In terms of psychological consequences, the highest mean for television exposure was fear, while the greatest psychological consequence of radio news was fear, followed by stress and awareness. Finally, negative, inverse, and significant relationships were found that indicate protective factors, such as depression with awareness and indignation, and anxiety was inversely related to awareness.

Personal de enfermería contagiado por COVID-19: condiciones de trabajo y sus factores asociados en tres hospitales de Lima-Perú / Nursing personnel infected by COVID-19: working conditions and their associated factors in three hospitals in Lima-Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la COVID-19 en el personal de enfermería, las condiciones de trabajo y sus factores asociados en tres hospitales de Lima-Perú.Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal del tipo web-survey realizado entre los meses de noviembre 2020 a febrero de 2021 con la participación de 495 integrantes del personal de enfermería de tres hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Lima. Resultados: El 63% de los participantes fueron del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, 20% del Hospital San Isidro Labrador, y 17% del Hospital II Vitarte. La prevalencia de la COVID-19 en el personal de enfermería fue de 47.3%. Al analizar las características demográficas de los participantes se evidenció asociación significativa de la variable escolaridad con la enfermedad (OR=1.50, p=0.04), mostrando que los que cuentan con estudios superiores tienen 1.5 veces mayor probabilidad de desarrollar la COVID-19 frente a los que poseen estudios de posgrado; las variables relacionadas con las condiciones de trabajo y factores de riesgo no evidenciaron asociación significativa (p>0.05) con la enfermedad. Conclusiones: A excepción de la escolaridad no existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar asociación significativa de la COVID-19 con las características demográficas, las variables relacionadas al trabajo y las consideradas como riesgo. La investigación aporta contribuciones importantes a la práctica, la investigación y la docencia en enfermería. (AU)

Objective: To determinate the prevalence of COVID-19 in the nursing personnel, working conditions, and their associated factors in three hospitals in Lima-Peru. Method: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study of the web survey was carried out between November 2020 and February 2021 with 495 nursing personnel members from the three public hospitals in Lima.Results: 63% of the participants were from the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, 20% from the San Isidro Labrador Hospital, and 17% from the II Vitarte Hospital. The prevalence of COVID-19 in the nursing personnel was 47.3%. When analyzing the demographic characteristics of the participants, a significant association of the education variable with the disease was evidenced (OR=1.50, p =0.04), showing that those with higher education are 1.5 times more likely to develop COVID-19 compared to those with postgraduate studies; the variables related to working conditions and risk factors did not show a significant association (p>0.05) with the disease. Conclusions: Except for education, there is insufficient evidence to affirm a significant association of COVID-19 with demographic characteristics, work-related variables, and those considered a risk. This research makes significant contributions to nursing practice, research, and teaching. (AU)